CONTEXT OF SITUATION AND CONTEXT OF CULTURE IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S “SONNET XVIII” (PBING-19)

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 General Background of the Study

Even though they come from different field, linguistics studies and literary studies are assumed to be connected in certain respects as intellectual disciplines. Linguistics, as the scientific study of language, necessarily “covers all aspects and uses of language, and all styles” (Hill, 1969: 196); or “an aspect of the study of language” (Halliday, 1985:4). This means that linguistics concerns with the way people use language and with how the various components of language function.

As we know, language is not only used in our everyday live, but it might also be presented in the form of a text. This text varies from just a short letter to a longer written forms presented in books and papers. Halliday (1985:11) proposed the definition of text as “an object in its own right; it may be a highly valued object, such as literature”. Literature, then, as defined by Rees (1973: 2) “is the written form of language, which expresses and communicates thoughts, feelings and attitudes towards life”. Literature comprises a number of particular uses and styles, forms and important. Those uses, styles and forms are also “a valuable part of the linguistics material in the study of a particular language”, as stated by

Robins (1980: 311).

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Dictation As A Testing Technique In Measuring The Students’ Listening Mastery (A Case Study Of The Fifth Grade Students Of Sd Negeri ..(PBING-18)

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 General Background of the Study

Language is the most important thing for people as a means of communication. It is basically a means of both oral and written communication. People use language to express their ideas and wishes to others’ people such as when they need others help so that close relation among members of the group can be carried out (Ramelan, 1993: 8). Ramelan further states that “the use of language enables the members of a social group to cooperate with one another for their own benefit.”

It is important to learn English because it is an international language which is used in many countries over the world and widely used in many sectors such as information, trade, education, etc.

In Indonesia, English has an important role especially in education. Therefore, English is taught as the first foreign language in all levels of schools and language courses. In elementary school, English has been taught as a local content. Since The Basic Course Outlines of the 2004 Curriculum states that the objective of learning English at elementary school as a local content is to develop students' communication ability in the context of school (2004: 7). It means that the students are expected to be able to make simple transactional and interpersonal conversation which is potentially needed to communicate in the context of school. Here, the teacher plays important role since he has to be able to set students

interest and motivation in learning English in order to develop students’ ability to

communicate using all the resources they have already acquired to interact with others about their needs and interest.

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Lara Cameron’s Motivation In Achieving Power And Wealth In Sidney Sheldon’s The Stars Shine Down (PBING-17)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Nowadays, some people tend to read literature more than to scientific or religious books since they consider that literature will lead human to a better social or personal conduct. Moreover, literary book presents expression of feelings, while scientific or religious books are the most exact kind of reporting. In a very real sense, some people who have read good literature have lived more comfortable than people who cannot or will not read.

Rees (1973: 1-2) defines literature in a broad and a narrow sense. The former means anything that is written such as catalogues, textbooks, brochures, and so on. While the latter means writing that expresses and communicates thoughts, feelings, ideas, and attitudes towards life in serious, fuller and deeper sense of words such as novel, poetry, prose, fiction, essay, and autobiography.

Actually, literature has primary aim is giving pleasure, to entertain those who concern to it. Darma (1984: 55) says that literature is really an expression to explore the life problems, philosophy, and psychology. In other words, the author of literary work is usually considered as an expert in psychology, and philosophy who concern about life problems.

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Word, Above Word And Grammatical Level Equivalence In The Translation Of Nokia 2300 Manual (PBING-12)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Communication can not be limited only in a certain area or community but people in all over the world need to communicate each others. It is because the needs of life are more complex and various. Not only the needs of food, clothing and housing but nowadays the needs of information, education, science and technology, fashion and many more become very important.

The issue above can not be separated from language as a mean of communication. Language is the tool by which we express what we think, the typical vehicle of communication that humans use of dealing with one another. On the other hand, the presence of various languages that people speak in different nations all over the world, has more or less caused obstacles in the process of communicating among speakers of different language. Not every human can speak in all languages. How we can understand information from others country with different languages? How we can share the experiences, sciences and technology and many things to the people in all over the world? Translation plays important role here. Catford in A Linguistics Theory of Translation said, “Translation is an activity of enormous importance in the modern world and it is a subject of interest not only to linguist, professional and amateur translators and languages teachers, but also to electronic engineers and mathematicians”. 

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