CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Backgrounds
of the Study
Why does somebody do something? Why do people go to work? Why do we go to
college? There are many reasons why we do such things.
Somebody does something because he/she wants something to be done, reached, and else. People go to work
because they want to earn money, to spend
their times, to increase
their societal status, and else. We go to school because we need knowledge,
or maybe we just want
to do our obligation to fulfill our education
status. The reasons here can be said as goals.
All of those examples make us learn that there must be something drives them to do something besides the goals we have said above, it is a motivation.
For more details about
motivation, we can do one thing
that is asking
any person who is successful in whatever he or she is doing, what motivate him/her, and
very likely, the answer
will
be
‘goals’. Goal
setting
is
extremely important
to
motivation and success. So, what motivate you? Just like what we have talked above, why are you in college? If you are in college because
that is what your parents want, you may find it difficult to motivate
yourself.
Someone will have a higher motivation if he is offered
by a reward. For example, a student will have a higher motivation to study when his father promises to give him a car if he graduates soon. However, an article found in
http://www.princeton.edu.rbenobou/RES2003.pdf said that motivation is something which comes from within really makes the difference. Further
the article says that
certainly, you need some
intelligence,
knowledge
base,
study
skills,
and
time
management skills,
but if you do not have motivation, you would get far from reaching
your success.
Motivation gives significant roles in human’s
life.
Sometimes without motivation, people cannot grow; since nothing motivates them to do something that will bring them survive. Hilgard states in his book (1957:155) that motivation
besides being a direction aspect, is also as the energizing aspect.
“Motivation is something that incites the organism
to action or that
sustains and gives direction to action once the organism
has been aroused. It means that motives have either an activating or
energizing aspect and a directing one”
This is also in chorus with what Champion says as stated by Ruch (1967:376)
that motives make energy available
for the activity required.
Thus, although a drive
or motive directs the
organism
toward some goals, which will satisfy
a particular need, it can also
work as a general energizer.
Literature as part of our life talks so many kinds of problems occur in our society, such as social status, gender,
discrimination, war, poverty,
welfare and other human
problems. The phenomenon
I
can
find in Jane Austen’s novel entitled
“Emma” is about motivation
of the main character
in arranging marriages. This kind
of problem has a close
relation with our life in which it could
be occurred in our
society, even to us.
Studying someone’s motivation is dealing with psychological approach,
since it reveals problems through the lens
of
psychology.
Psychology
according
to
Davidoff (1976:1) is the science
of behavior. Behavior
here means any human or animal
process or an activity that can be
objectively observed and measured.
Since psychology studies human behavior, we also need to deal with human personality. It takes role in guiding
somebody’s immediate behavior and the further
development of his/her personality. He acts consistently in terms of the kind of
person he believes whether it is to be lovable or unattractive, bright
or
stupid,
capable or clumsy.
Some people
seem to be very successful, highly motivated
individuals. The energy, the drive, or the directions come from motivation. Motivation is an area of
psychology that has gotten a great deal of attention, especially in the recent years. The reason is that we all want to be successful, we all want direction and drive, and we all want to be seen as motivated.
Motivation refers, in a general
sense, to processes involved in the initiation,
direction, and energy of individual behavior (Parkinson & Colman, 1995:38).
According to Kenney
(1966:5) analyzing a literary work is to identify the separated part that make it up (this corresponds roughly
to the notion of tearing
it into pieces), to deter relationship among the parts, and to discover the relationship of the part to the whole. So, I choose
Soapy’s motivation
to achieve his goal in O’
Henrys’ Soapy’s choice as my study because motivation is one part of psychology that can be found from the character in the short story.
In my opinion, Soapy’s
motivation is interesting
to be discussed because he can survive in
the middle of his problem. He wishes to get in prison as he has to
maintain himself warm in the winter time. Soapy is then doing stupid plans such as
eating in a restaurant while having no money in his pocket and other foolish acts. I
consider Soapy’s motivation in dealing with his problems as full of struggle. This willingness to keep struggling
is finally one thing that helps him to find a way out.
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