CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the researcher
will present eight topics related to this research, those include of background
of the study, formulation research of problem, purpose of the study,
significant of the study, scope and limitations of the study, the hypothesis,
the definition of key term, and organization of the study.
A.
Background of the Study
Language is an instrument
to address and to understand idea, reason, feeling, either orally or written.[1]
Language is communication to transfer or to explain idea or knowledge to
another person. It means that without language human can not develop their idea
and their culture. In other word, language has very important roles in human’s
life, since language is the source of human life and power.[2]
English an
international language; it is used by most of the people in the world. In Indonesia,
English is one of foreign language. The application of teaching and learning process
undergoes many problems, because teaching English is difficult from teaching other
language such as: Indonesia,
Javanese, etc. The teacher can not do that, the teaching and learning process
will not run well, and the object of teaching will be difficult to be achieved.
Actually English
has been taught starting from kindergarten or elementary level, but most of Indonesia
people still can not use English for communication well. Such condition may be
caused by many factors such as the method, the media, and the technique used
are not appropriate. English consist of four skills, they are: speaking,
listening, writing, and reading. To master English, learners need to master
vocabulary, it means that without an extensive vocabulary and strategies in
enquiring new vocabulary, the learners often achieve less that their potential
opportunities around them such as listening to radio, listening to native
speaker, using language in different contexts, reading or watching TV.[3]
Vocabulary is very
important for every learner who wants to master English. The learner will find
difficulty to master English if their vocabulary is less. It implies that the
learners must have sufficient vocabulary to support their effort to master
English.
However, in
classroom setting many learners find difficulty to enrich their vocabulary or
to memorize that new word given by the teacher. It is something normal for the
learners, because English not their mother tongue. It is a hard job for the
teacher to make is student understand and remember new words they never heard
before. Therefore to teach vocabulary the teacher must have creativity in
teaching and learning process. The Teachers need to present material in
memorable away.
In the past,
vocabulary in teaching and learning were often given little priority, but
recently there has been renewed interest in the nature of vocabulary in
learning and teaching.[4] But,
the fact shows that the learners get bored in teaching vocabulary. Teaching and
learning vocabulary process is not interesting and monotonous. The teacher just
force the student to memorize some words as a result, it makes student can not
memorize some words well. The teacher will give punishment to the student; this
way is boring method and is not good for the students’ psychology.
In teaching and
learning vocabulary there are various methods how to learn and teach it like contextual
meaning, demonstration picture, using instructional design and media.
Vocabulary mastery can not be separated from the way how the material presented
or delivered. One a way to support the teaching of that material is the use of
media.
There are many
media might be used to teach English in elementary level, because teaching for
children or elementary level and high level students are not the same,
according to Scottt and Sternberg: “The adult’s word and the children’s are
sold aren’t the same”. Children do not always understand what adult are telling
about. Adults usually find out by the meaning of the unknown words or the
answer by asking question, but children do not always ask. [5]
Using a vocabulary audio Disc is a simplistic method to
enhance learning of new words on elementary levels. This is based on audio
perception that is applied which allows vocabulary to be learned on two levels.
The first level is through listening to the words. Hearing the pronunciation
through the words and listening to the meaning, immediately allows the brain to
register and process the words through auditory observation and learning
processes. The procedure is further followed with the capacity to use
phonetics, repetition and application to the words through listening to tune
into the correct uses of the words.
This concept further applies to a pedagogical method for
teaching vocabulary to children or adult. This is done through the
audio-lingual method. The concept behind this is to provide levels of listening
to application of the words. When using this method, the vocabulary audio disc
should provide comprehension, speaking, reading and writing for linguistics.
Doing this allows students to understand what words mean simply by hearing
them, combined with outside applications that help with comprehension of the
reading materials. This allows children to apply several levels to vocabulary,
making it easier to learn.
The main approach with the audio-lingual method is known to
assist in vocabulary building at various levels. The first of these is the
ability to expand vocabulary through both communication and reading
comprehension. The second is to have the capacity to master specific words, as
well as the context they are applied in through different levels of vocabulary.
This is combined with the ability to understand words through mimicry, which
adds onto the comprehension levels used with this particular device. For those
that learn best by hearing, combined with seeing, is a method that supports
complete learning.[6]
The researcher chooses Disc as a media to teach and
learning because Disc has strength like; can movement the material by slowly or
fast, advance or go back.[7]
This is appropriate with the children’s characteristic like doing things, like
learn the activity of ways, for example by watching, listening, imitating, and
doing thing.[8]
The special this media for for other media is appropriate with globalization
and can improve student’s skill in English for elementary level.
In this study, the researcher chooses SDI Sunan Giri Ngunut
because sometime they learn lesson in the media room in order to make them not
boring, but not to learn English, and there is media room at SDI Sunan Giri
Ngunut not to use it with maximal in the teaching and learning especially in
teaching and learning English. It makes the researcher choose SDI Sunan Giri
Ngunut to research about the Disc as media to teach English vocabulary because
in the media room has DVD/VCD, TV, and Projector to support this research to
get data in the research. SDI Sunan Giri Ngunut in four year here is divided
into two classes, one class 30 students, and the researcher chooses in A class.
[1]
Djamaran Saiful Bahri and Zainal Anwar,
Strategy Belajar Mengajar (Rineka
Cipta, 2002), page 79
[2]
Fromkin Vitoria, an Introduction to
Language , (Sidney: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston 1986), page 3
[3]
Jack C. Ricard, Logman Dictionary of
Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. 1992. page 235
[4]
Jack C. Ricard, Logman Dictionary…………………page 256
[5]
Scott Wendy A and Sternberg LH, Teaching English to Children, (New York:
Longman, 1992), page 2
[6]
http: www. Improving vocabulary. Org/ slog/ 2009/08/using vocabulary-audio-cds/
[7]
Arif Sadiman etc. Media Pendidikan
Pengertian Pengembangan dan Pemanfaatan, (Raja Grafindo Persada, 2009),
page 294
[8]
Slantry, Mary and Wilis, English for
Primary Teacher (Oxford:
University Press, 2001), page 4
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