CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Chapter I is Introduction which consists
of
some sub-chapters. They are
background of the study, reasons for choosing the topic, statements of the problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study, and the outline
of the study.
1.1 Background of the Study
In this modern era, when everyone lives with their right, where there are
a lot
of women’s movements, we still can find dependent
women that are trapped under man’s authority. Some
call it as patriarchy, actually these
kinds of case have many causes not only patriarchy.
Still people assumed that patriarchy
is the main factor of it. Here
are some examples of domestic
violence:
Bima, NTB. A teacher tortured
his wife because his wife forbad him to do polygamy. Mujnah, the wife, reported her husband
behavior to the local police department. Police had caught Mujnah’s husband
and sentenced him 5 years in
jail. The cause of domestic violence
in
this case is quite simple; it is just a problem of self control
of the husband’s passion. In other words,
it just because one reason, troubles never end.
(Reportase Pagi/
Trans TV, August 8, 2008; 05.55 a.m.)
Bogor, West Java.
Nur
Aini
(19)
is
mentally disturbed in 7 month pregnancy. She confessed
that she was treated badly by his husband. She got hits and
her head was collided to the wall of the bathroom. She reported
this case to the local
police department two months ago
but the police
has not taken
any action while no one knows where Nur Aini’s husband is. Unfortunately it did not mention
why it happened.
(Reportase Pagi/
Trans TV, August 8, 2008; 05.55 a.m.)
Pasuruan, East Java. An old man raped
an under age girl. He did it 17
times in 3 months. He treated will kill her if she reported what had he done to her. And
he did it when the girl’s
parents went to the market. This poor little girl depressed, she shamed and would
not go to the school.
And the old man was
threatened by jail punishment for
more than 5 years.
(Reportase Pagi/
Trans TV, August 8, 2008; 05.55 a.m.)
Magelang, Central Java. There were three women, victims of domestic violence, were saved in a safe house of the government of Magelang.
Because the violence almost took their life and the victims have no place to go, this action was
taken. Some because their family would not
receive them and some have no
relative in that town.
Sahabat
Perempuan
(Woman Friend of Magelang) had
received 68 cases in November 2007
(Kompas, 2007).
Up to 2006, LBH APIK, a Legal Aid Association, had received 3682 cases of domestic violence (Good Morning/ Trans TV, July 15, 2008; 08.53 a.m.).
Those cases above are concerning us. When we had got our rights and independence, some of us could not enjoy it.
In the past, in almost all over the world, people thought that women were
the most contemptible creature
that had nothing
to do except took care domestic
things. In some other
places’ history women were even treated worse than that.
And these are some of the cases:
In 500s C. in the Middle East, having a daughter was a shameful thing so that
they buried alive their female infant before someone else knew it. They did
this because they considered that a daughter was weak, and could not go for war. And
Umar bin Khattab
did this to his daughter before he became a muslim and he
regretted it during his live. “I was crying when I dig for my daughter.
She came forward and then combed my beard.” (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Bin_Khattab). He was not out of control
at that time, but he was ordered by the
custom. There was belief
said
that
daughter
was
a
shameful which brought nothing in good.
In India is different, the case in India is about the under age bride. There were
a lot of under age women or girls
were taken to be a bride, pushed to take care the house and got
bad
treat
from
their
husbands.
Even
Gandhi
often
mentioned his concerned about this problem in his speeches.
“Just a man with no
feeling who can say that marry under-aged girls is not a sin.” (Gandhi, 2002: 64).
The case
of the under
age bride was
very common
in India. At
present the movement of women in that country is increasing, but there is still small number of the same case based on the custom. Because
parents in India
worried if their daughter could not pay for the groom, so that if there any man who interested to their
daughter and received
whatever the parents paid him then the daughter will be pushed to marry him. And the bride’s age is often under 15 years old.
But in the middle
of
the chaos above, some ancients Egypt history
mentioned that goddesses had higher position than god which reflected that there
was a
glory for woman at that time, before patriarchy came. Egyptian
was praying to the goddess of
Justice, Maat.
Old Egyptian women had a high position on earth and sky, and it was continued by their
children. At that time, the goddess
of justice is a
woman and her name was Maat. (Nawal Al-Sadawi, 2002:11)
It proved
that there was a time where woman was respected by the society.
When the time goes by, women were fighting to get their right and freedom.
And
women’s rights are protected
under the law. Although woman’s
right and freedom is under undoubted law, we still
can find domestic violence happened around us, which
the victims are dominated
by women and children. These two creatures, women and children,
are often considered as weak creatures,
so that they become the victims of violence
which is happened in a household.
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