Pragmatics is
a branch of linguistics which studies the way in which context contributes to meaning.
Pragmatics deals with utterances, by which we will mean
specific events, the intentional acts of speakers at times and places,
typically involving language. One of
well known theories in Pragmatics is the Theory of Politeness. The most
influential politeness theory in Pragmatics is the Management of Face by Brown
and Levinson. This study focuses on the realization of the Management of Face
in the dialogues of a novel.
Dialogues of a novel are good data for pragmatics study since they
represent thought, feeling, and desire of the characters of the novel. The
dialogues are completed with the narration as the context which explains the
situation and condition of the dialogues. The aim of this study is to know the
realization of the Management of Face in the dialogues of the novel Twenty
Thousand Leagues under the Sea by Jules Verne.
Based of the background above, the research
problem are formulated as follows:(1) What strategies
of the Management of Face are used in the dialogues of the novel Twenty
Thousand Leagues under the Sea?; (2) What illocutionary acts are found in
the dialogues containing the strategies of the Management of Face in the novel
Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea?
The purposes of the study are: (1) To know the strategies of the Management of Face which are used in
the dialogues the novel Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea; (2) To know the illocutionary acts
which are found in the dialogues containing the strategies of the Management of
Face in the novel Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea.
This study uses descriptive qualitative
research design so the writer is the key instrument of the study in collecting
and analyzing the data. The data of the study are
taken from the dialogues of the novel Twenty Thousand Leagues under
the Sea. To collect the data, the writer
takes the following stages: (1) Reading
The management of face
is the most influential politeness theory in Pragmatics by Brown and Levinson.
Brown and Levinson explained politeness as strategies
to save or maintain other’s ‘face’ in order to avoid face-threatening acts
(FTA).
There are three factors to measure
the degree of the politeness of the utterance: 1) power rating (P); 2) social
distance (D); and 3) rating of imposition (R). Those factors lead the use of
the strategies to avoid face-threatening acts (FTA). And the strategies are: 1)
bald-on-record; 2) positive politeness; 3) negative politeness; 4) off record;
and 5) do not do FTA (be silent).
Speech Acts are words with
which to do things, which introduced by John Langsaw Austin and developed by
John. R. Searle. According to Searle, speech acts are classified into: (1)
Representatives (assertives), (2) Directives, (3) Commissives, (4) Expressives,
and (5) Declarations.
The findings of the
study are (1) The dialogues of the novel Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea contains all strategies of the
Management of Face, those are bald-on-record, positive politeness, negative
politeness, off record, and do not do FTA (be silent). The characters use a
single strategy of the Management of Face or combine more than one of the
strategies in the dialogue. (2) The illocutionary acts found in the dialogues
containing the Management of Face are representatives (assertives), directives,
commissives, and expressive. Declaration is not found in the dialogues. (3) The
strategies of the Management of Face which are used by the speakers are related
to the intention of the speaker. Thus, each strategy represents th illocutionary
acts of their utterances.
Finally the writer
suggest the readers, students, and researcher who are interested in Pragmatics,
especially in politeness theories, to study more related references and to
conduct a study about politeness from various point of view so the study about
politeness will be developed.
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