Pola Kemitraan Antara Petani Tebu Dengan Pabrik Gula Asembagus (Desa ... Kecamatan ... Kabupaten ...) (PRT-15)

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

I.I        Latar Belakang

Sejarah indusri gula di Indonesia sudah berlangsung sejak lama. Dalam perkembangan tersebut, berbagai aspek dibidang produksi, pengolahan dan pemasaran mengalami perubahan. Pada masa penjajahan, industri gula merupakan penghasil devisa penting dengan produksi ± 3 juta ton dari sekitar 179 pabrik pada tahun 1920an. Akan tetapi, jumlah produksi terus turun akibat depresi ekonomi yang melanda dunia pada tahun 1930an dan jumlah pabrik gula turun menjadi 51 pada tahun 1996.

Pada masa penjajahan, produksi gula dilakukan dengan sistem glebagan  dengan menyewa bentuk lahan petani dalam waktu jangka panjang. Tanah untuk tanaman tebu dipilih yang kualitasnya baik di lahan irigasi, ini dilakukan untuk menjamin suplai tebu ke pabrik dalam jumlah yamg cukup. Setelah industri gula diambil alih oleh pemerintah pada tahun 1957, sewa tanah dengan sistem glebagan ini masih dilanjutkan. Namun, untuk mendapatkan lahan dari petani relatif semakin sulit. Hal ini disebabkan hasil dari penyewaan lahan lebih rendah dibanding apabila lahan tersebut ditanami tanaman lain seperti padi.

Di bidang budidaya tebu, peluang untuk menekan biaya produksi melalui perbaikan teknologi dan manajemen dan sekaligus untuk meningkatkan daya saing tebu di lahan sawah dalam menghadapi padi dan tanaman lain juga sangat terbuka seperti dengan menggunakan benih unggul dengan produktivitas tinggi. Keberhasilan memanfaatkan benih tebu unggul sangat penting dalam menjaga efesiensi pengusahaan tebu jangka panjang, karena ini tidak menimbulkan distorsi sebagaimana apabila kenaikan produksi hanya dirangsang oleh instrumen harga/gula yamg tinggi ataupun subsidi input.

---

Untuk mendapatkan FILE LENGKAP dalam bentuk MS-Word Mulai BAB 1 s.d. DAFTAR PUSTAKA, (bukan pdf) silahkan klik Cara Mendapatkan File atau klik disini

---

Kajian Pengembangan Kawasan Agropolitan Sebagai Pendekatan Wilayah Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kota ... (PRT-9)

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1  Latar Belakang

Berdasarkan perubahan lingkungan strategis dan gejolak faktor eksternal, yaitu terjadinya krisis ekonomi sejak pertengahan tahun 1997, terbangun wacana memposisikan sektor pertanian sebagai andalan atau penggerak utama pembangunan nasional. Terdapat justifikasi empirik yang cukup kuat untuk memposisikan sektor pertanian (agribisnis) sebagai basis pembangunan nasional sebagai berikut: 

1.                  Akibat dampak krisis, ekonomi nasional mengalami kontraksi sebesar 13,68 persen pada tahun 1998, sementara sektor pertanian tetap tumbuh sebesar 0,22 persen.

2.                  Pada tahun yang sama (1998), terjadi penurunan penyerapan tenaga kerja nasional sebesar 2,13 persen atau 6.429.530 orang, sedangkan sektor pertanian mampu meningkatkan kapasitas penyerapan tenaga kerja sebesar 432.350 orang.

3.                  Sektor pertanian berpotensi progresif dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional, yang diindikasikan oleh senjang produktivitas sebesar 35,6 persen, pemanfaatan sumberdaya lahan relatif masih rendah sekitar 32,3 persen dan pemanfaatan potensi perairan sekitar 46,7 persen.

4.                  Sektor pertanian memiliki peran strategis dalam mengatasi permasalahan struktural pembangunan nasional yang ditunjukkan oleh kontribusi kedua terbesar 18,84 persen dalam pembentukan GDP nasional, dominan dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja sebesar 45,0 persen, produktivitas sektor pertanian yang relatif masih rendah (25 persen produktivitas sektor non pertanian), dan masih besarnya pengangguran di daerah pedesaan.

5.                  Sektor pertanian memiliki kemampuan artikulatif yang tinggi, dimana pangsa pengeluaran konsumsinya 48,01 persen lebih tinggi diban-dingkan rumah tangga non-pertanian, elastisitas pengeluarannya juga lebih besar, dan semua sub-sektor dalam lingkup pertanian termasuk dalam katagori penyerapan tenaga kerja sedang sampai tinggi.

6.                  Agroindustri kecil yang bergerak di sektor makanan, perikanan dan peternakan merupakan sektor komplemen yang dapat dikembangkan untuk mengartikulasikan sektor pertanian dan merupakan pilar strate-gis pembangunan sektor pertanian andalan. Sektor komplemen ini memiliki intensitas penggunaan tenaga kerja yang tinggi dan produk yang dihasilkan memiliki pangsa dan elastisitas yang tinggi bagi keluarga tani. 

---

Untuk mendapatkan FILE LENGKAP dalam bentuk MS-Word Mulai BAB 1 s.d. DAFTAR PUSTAKA, (bukan pdf) silahkan klik Cara Mendapatkan File atau klik disini

---

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ENGLISH AND INDONESIA ADVERBS (PBING-5)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND

Language is a means to give or exchange information; news, idea or opinions, through language people learn from one another the things they want to know. Imagine if human beings could not communicate with one another. If a person cannot communicate, he will not talk to other people, and no other people will talk to him anything. So it would be impossible for him to learn anything.

One of language is English. It is a compulsory subject in Indonesia that must be learned by the Indonesian students from the Junior high school up to University
English as a foreign language will arise some difficulties which are faced by Indonesian people / students because in learning a new language will arise some difficulties which are faced by Indonesian people/students because in learning a new language the students tend to transfer their native language habit to the new language.

---

Untuk mendapatkan FILE LENGKAP dalam bentuk MS-Word Mulai BAB 1 s.d. DAFTAR PUSTAKA, (bukan pdf) silahkan klik Cara Mendapatkan File atau klik disini

---

STUDENT’S LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT WITH TRADITIONAL ASSESSMENT AND PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT (PBING-9)

Language learning is important for human’s social development. As a language which is used by more than a half of population in the world, English holds the key as international language. English is a tool of communication among peoples of the world to get trade, social-cultural, science, and technology goals. Moreover, English competence is important in career development, therefore students need to understand and use English to improve their confidence to face global competition.

English as a formal subject is given to junior high school (SMP) level, which the goals are translated as follows: “The goals of teaching and learning English for this level are improving the four English skills. They are the mastery of the receptive skills (reading and listening) and the mastery of the productive skills (speaking and writing), within a specified word level and relevant grammatical structures and notions, in the context of the specified themes which are enclosed for junior high school (SMP) students” (Balitbang Depdiknas, 2002:42).

---

Untuk mendapatkan FILE LENGKAP dalam bentuk MS-Word Mulai BAB 1 s.d. DAFTAR PUSTAKA, (bukan pdf) silahkan klik Cara Mendapatkan File atau klik disini

---

A Study on the Teaching of English Speaking Using Games To the Eleventh Year Students of SMK Brawijaya (PBING-26)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Problem

It is known that English is an International language which has been received by countries all over the world. The function of it as a means of communication in meeting business or other activities among government over the world. Beside that English is used at science of knowledge, new invention  in field of modern technology, pharmaceutical, medical, etc.

As a developing country, Indonesia really needs English because Indonesia government is trying to improve all aspects which are usually faced by all countries. One of these aspects is education, which is essential. As an English teacher to be the writer focuses her attention to the teaching English as the language of the world. 

In Indonesia, English is learnt and taught to junior high school, Senior high school even at university. English means that something important for the student to be taught at school based on situation and condition of the object area. But there are some problems that faced by the students. It is realized that most students get bad mark. So, it proves that English is really difficult for the students. There are four skills in learning English they are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Speaking is very important because speaking and human being cannot be separated from each other. Speaking is used to express their ideas and to communicate to people in civilized world. That is way speaking is important. But the students of SMK or graduated of it still get hard to be a good speaker. The problems are:

---

Untuk mendapatkan FILE LENGKAP dalam bentuk MS-Word Mulai BAB 1 s.d. DAFTAR PUSTAKA, (bukan pdf) silahkan klik Cara Mendapatkan File atau klik disini

---

A Comparative Study On Diction And Sentence Structure Between Spoken News Broadcast By Cnn International And Written News Articles Issued (PBING-11)

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

Jay Black and Frederick C. Whitney (1988) as quoted by www.buzzin.net mention that mass communication is a process whereby mass-produced message are transmitted to large, anonymous, and heterogeneous masses of receivers. So the number of the receivers are numerous and unpredictable in that way we need to scrutinize which receivers go to which media, In this case audio - visual media represented by television and visual media represented by broadsheet or famous as newspaper. Revealing all aspects of these two media will such an effort that needs a lot of energy and time wasted. So, I will concentrate on the point of the style of those two media as the sender of spoken and written message.

---

Untuk mendapatkan FILE LENGKAP dalam bentuk MS-Word Mulai BAB 1 s.d. DAFTAR PUSTAKA, (bukan pdf) silahkan klik Cara Mendapatkan File atau klik disini

---

EFFECTS OF PRE-QUESTIONING ON THE READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT OF THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS AT SMAN-2 JEKAN RAYA IN ACADEMIC (PBING-8)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Language is one of the most important things in communication and it is used as a toll of communication among the nations in all over the world. As an international language, English is very important and has many interrelationships with various aspects of life owned by human being. In Indonesia, English considered as the first foreign language and taught formally from elementary school up to the university level.

In English, there are four skills that should be mastered, they are: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The reading skill became very important in the education field, students need to be exercised and trained in order to have a good reading skill.

---

Untuk mendapatkan FILE LENGKAP dalam bentuk MS-Word Mulai BAB 1 s.d. DAFTAR PUSTAKA, (bukan pdf) silahkan klik Cara Mendapatkan File atau klik disini

---