CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study
It is obviously understood that in our lives,
family is so worthy.
Family, as a child’s first environment, sets the pattern for her/his attitudes
toward people, things and life in general. As Teagarden (1946),
has pointed out that “all manners of
attitude deviations can be and often are, accounted for by the subtleties of family relationships”. Therefore, the
writer
concludes harmonious family
relationship depends on the attitudes settled between them.
Freud as cited by Hurlock (1956: 499) states
that “there have been marked
changes in attitudes toward children”. Freud contents that too much “parental tenderness” accelerates sexual maturity,
“spoils” the child and makes him unable
to be satisfied with a smaller amount of love in later phase of life. This attitude toward too much love and interest in and affection
for the child was echoed by
one of American Psychologists, J.B. Watson (1928: 499). He was the one who sounded the loudest warnings
to parents to beware of too much mother love because of the harmful effects on the personality development of the child.
There are many kinds of parental attitudes established by researchers, and the most commonplace
are permissiveness, overprotectiveness, submissive, rejection, domination, acceptance, and submission to a child (Hurlock: 1956). Those
parental attitudes influence
children’s emotion. According to Warga (1983: 219), there are five basic emotions, i.e. fear, love, anger, sorrow,
and joy. In line with Warga, Ekman and Friesen (1971: 5) suggest that “there are six basic biologically programmed emotions:
happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust”. To be more specific, Hurlock (1956:
226) in his book Child
Development divides
children’s emotion into seven, i.e. fear, anger, worry, jealousy, joy, affection and curiosity.
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